List of historic states of Italy
Italy, until the present era, was a conglomeration of city-states and other small independent entities. The following is a list of the various states that made up what is now known as Italy during the past. (rounded up to a year significant to Italian history in each case).
Antiquity
Early Middle Ages
Duchies of the Lombard Kingdom
Districts of the Byzantine Empire
Carolingian Era
Italy in the year 1000
States of the Holy Roman Empire
Other states
Main independent communes
Duchies and other entities of former Byzantine Empire appartenance
Italy in the year 1494
Before the beginning of the Italian Wars
- Papal States
- Kingdom of Naples (independent Aragonese dynasty)
- Kingdom of Sicily (to Aragon)
- Kingdom of Sardinia (to Aragon)
- Prince-Bishopric of Brixen
- Prince-Bishopric of Trent
- Duchy of Savoy (Savoia)
- Duchy of Milan (Visconti, then Sforza from 1450, to France 1499-1522, to Spain from 1535, to Austria from 1706)
- Duchy of Ferrara (Este)
- Duchy of Massa and Carrara (Malaspina)
- Duchy of Modena and Reggio (in personal union with Ferrara)
- Duchy of Urbino (Montefeltro)
- Marquisate of Saluzzo (Aleramici, to France 1548)
- Marquisate of Montferrat (Paleologi, in personal union with Mantua 1533)
- Marquisate of Mantua (Gonzaga)
- Marquisate of Finale (Del Carretto)
- Marquisate of Incisa (Aleramici)
- Marquisate of Ceva
- County of Nice
- County of Gorizia (annexed to Austria in 1500)
- County of Guastalla (Torelli, sold to a junior branch of the Gonzaga 1539)
- County of Mirandola (Pico)
- County of Montechiarugolo (Torelli of Montechiarugolo)
- County of Novellara (Gonzaga of Novellara)
- County of Correggio (da Correggio)
- County of Pitigliano (Orsini)
- County of Santa Fiora (Sforza of S.Fiora)
- Stato Landi (Landi)
- Stato Pallavicino (Pallavicino)
- Castiglione (Gonzaga of Castiglione)
- Mirandola (Pico)
- Carpi (Pio di Savoia)
- Sassuolo (Pio di Savoia)
- Bologna (Bentivoglio)
- Faenza (Manfredi)
- Rimini (Malatesta)
- Forlì (Riario)
- Pesaro (Sforza of Pesaro)
- Matelica (Ottoni)
- Camerino (da Varano, duchy from 1515, confiscated and incorporated to the Papal States 1539)
- Imperial Fiefdoms
- Republic of Ancona (to the Papal States in 1532)
- Republic of Genoa
- Republic of Lucca
- Republic of Florence (actually under the lordship of the Medici, duchy from 1532)
- Republic of Siena (incorporated to the Duchy of Florence 1555)
- Republic of Venice
- Republic of Cospaia
- Republic of San Marino
Italy in the year 1559
After the Peace of Cateau-Cambresis:
Italy in the year 1659
After the treaty of the Pirenees
Italy in the year 1796
Before the Napoleonic period
- Papal States (Pope Pius VI)
- Kingdom of Naples (Bourbons of Naples, King Ferdinand IV) (merged with Sicily in 1816 to form the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies)
- Kingdom of Sicily (in personal union with Naples; after 1816 Kingdom of the Two Sicilies)
- Kingdom of Sardinia (inclusive of the Duchy of Savoy, Savoia, King Vittorio Amedeo III)
- Prince-Bishopric of Brixen (secularized and incorporated into Austria in 1802)
- Prince-Bishopric of Trent (secularized and incorporated into Austria in 1802)
- Grand Duchy of Tuscany (Habsburg-Lorraine, Grand Duke Ferdinand III)
- Duchy of Parma, Piacenza and Guastalla (Bourbons of Parma, Duke Ferdinando I)
- Duchy of Modena and Reggio (Este, Duke Ercole III)
- Duchy of Massa (personal union with Modena)
- Principality of Piombino (Boncompagni, Prince Antonio II) (after 1815 part of Tuscany)
- Austrian Lombardy (direct Austrian control)
- Valtelline, Chiavenna and Bormio (under the Grisons; after 1816 part of Lombardo-Veneto)
- Republic of Venice (abolished 1797; after 1815 part of Lombardo-Veneto)
- Republic of Genoa (after 1815 to Sardinia)
- Republic of Lucca (after 1815 independent duchy)
- Republic of Cospaia
- State of Presidi (to Naples; after 1815 to Tuscany)
- Malta (to the Order of St.John of Jerusalem; conquered by France 1798, by Britain 1800)
Italy in Napoleonic times (1796 - 1814)
After Napoleon’s invasion of Italy:
Italy in the year 1816
After the Congress of Vienna:
- Papal States (Pope Pius VII; lost most of its territories to Sardinia 1859-1860)
- Kingdom of Sardinia (Savoia, King Vittorio Emanuele I; ceded Savoy and Nice to France in 1860; became Kingdom of Italy 1861)
- Kingdom Lombardo-Veneto (to Austria; lost most of Lombardy to Sardinia in 1859)
- Kingdom of the Two Sicilies (Bourbon of Sicily and Naples, later Bourbon-Two-Sicilies, King Ferdinand I; incorporated into Sardinia 1860-1861)
- Grand Duchy of Tuscany (Habsburg-Lorraine, Grand Duke Ferdinand III; incorporated to Sardinia 1859)
- Duchy of Parma, Piacenza and Guastalla (under Marie Louise, wife of Napoleon, for her lifetime. After her death in 1847, Parma and Piacenza devolve upon the House of Bourbon-Parma, Guastalla on the Duke of Modena; incorporated into Sardinia 1859)
- Duchy of Modena and Reggio (Austria-Este, Duke Francis IV; incorporated into Sardinia 1859)
- Duchy of Lucca (Bourbon-Parma, Duchess Marie Louise; when they return to Parma in 1847, annexed by Tuscany)
- Duchy of Massa and Carrara (annexed to the Duchy of Modena in 1829)
- Republic of San Marino
Italy in the year 1861
After the unification
See also